Paradiplomacy Analysis of the East Java Provincial Government in Ensuring Health Security: A Case Study of Collaboration with UNICEF in the Food Fortification Program
Keywords:
Health Security, Human Security, Multi-Level Governance, ParadiplomacyAbstract
This paper analyzes the use of sub-national paradiplomacy to tackle human security challenges, namely health security, by studying the cooperation between the East Java Provincial Government and UNICEF in food fortification. Even though there has been an improvement in the prevalence rate of stunting among children in the region, structural problems in regard to health security still prevail because of disparities in nutritional access and institutional inefficiency at the provincial level. In order to investigate how administrative factors can assist in implementing international collaboration and overcoming the existing challenges, this paper uses the framework of qualitative case study research based on the analysis of documentation provided by relevant reports, statistical information, and policies related to the subject matter. Thematic analysis was applied to evaluate patterns associated with program coordination, legal processes, and policy adoption. According to the results, the success of international cooperation programs in regard to overcoming the challenges of health security in Indonesia does not depend only on technical actions but also on administrative capacity ensuring the compliance with laws and regulations, coordination among sectors, and national interests of the state. Thus, this study demonstrates that the concept of paradiplomacy at the sub-national level is effective in promoting health security through the adoption of international standards into local policies, however, dependence on international actors remains a limitation, emphasizing the need to enhance local institutional capacity for long-term sustainability.
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