Analysis Of Paradiplomacy Of Bone Regency In International Cooperation

Authors

Keywords:

Paradiplomacy, Government, Bone Regency, Defense Cooperation, International Relations

Abstract

Paradiplomacy is a form of sub-national actor involvement in the dynamics of international relations, especially in the context of globalization and decentralization. This article aims to analyze the practice of paradiplomacy carried out by the Bone Regency Government, South Sulawesi, as part of efforts to strengthen regional development through international cooperation. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving primary data from interviews with regional officials and secondary data from policy documents and online media. The results of the study indicate that Bone Regency has implemented forms of paradiplomacy in the education, economy, and culture sectors, although it still faces various challenges such as limited human resources, limited coordination with the central government, and minimal public documentation. Bone's main advantage lies in the initiative of educational institutions and support for regional policies. This study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and a more structured diplomacy strategy to increase the effectiveness of regional international cooperation.

References

[1]Aldecoa, F., & Keating, M. (1999). Paradiplomacy in Action:The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments. In Sereal Untuk (Vol. 51, Issue 1).

[2]Alhadar, S., Latare, S., Antu, Y., Latif, A., Sahi, Y., & Gobel, T. (2022). PARTISIPASI PEMUDA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA: (Transformasi Wisata Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Meningkatkan UMKM di Desa Lembah Hijau). Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 336–342. https://doi.org/10.35311/jmpm.v3i2.89

[3]Bappenas. (2024). Rencana pembangunan jangka menengah nasional 2020-2024.

[4]Bone, P. (2023). PERDA NO. 6 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG PEMAJUAN KEBUDAYAAN DAERAH.pdf.

[5]Cornago, N. (2010). On the normalization of sub-state diplomacy. Regional Sub-State Diplomacy Today, 5, 11–36. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004183575.i-210.5

[6]DPMPTSP Bone. (2022). BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PENYUSUNAN INVESTMENT PROJECT READY TO OFFER ( IPRO) PENANAMAN MODAL. https://dpmptsp.bone.go.id/website/detail-bimbingan-teknis-penyusunan-investment-project-ready-to-offer-ipro-penanaman-modal

[7]IAIN. (2024). Perluas Jaringan Internasional, IAIN Bone MoU dengan Zarqa University Jordan. http://iain-bone.ac.id/index.php?jenis=berita&idberita=694&aksi=detail

[8]Jackson, T. (2018). Paradiplomacy and political geography: The geopolitics of substate regional diplomacy. Geography Compass, 12(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12357

[9]Keohane, R. O. (1984). After Hegemony Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy.

[10]Marks, G., & Hooghe, L. (2004). Contrasting Visions of Multi-level Governance. Multi-Level Governance, January. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199259259.003.0002

[11]Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power – The Means to Success in World Politics. Public Affairs.

[12]Oddone, N. (2023). Paradiplomacy. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies (Issue February). https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.797

[13]Rosenau, P. M. (2014). Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences. Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820610

[14]Setkab. (2021). Foreign Ministry, Investment Ministry Sign MoU on Economic Diplomacy in Investment Sector.

[15]Surwandono, S., & Maksum, A. (2020). The Architecture of Paradiplomacy Regime in Indonesia: A Content Analysis. Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional, 22(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.7454/global.v22i1.443

[16]Toja, I. B. (2024). Institut Batari Toja Bone menjalin Kerjasama Internasional dengan Perguruan Tinggi Luar Negeri. https://www.bataritoja.ac.id/halaman/bagian-kerjasama#google_vignette

[17]Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Social Theory of International Politics, June. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511612183

[18]Yin, R. . (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Downloads

Published

19-02-2026